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FDA-approved drugImmune & Specialty ResearchPT-141

PT-141 (Bremelanotide)

Also known as: Bremelanotide

PT-141 (bremelanotide) is a synthetic peptide analog of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) that acts on melanocortin receptors. It has been studied in rodents and in two published Phase 3 human trials.

Evidence: strong · Peer-reviewed phase 3 human data

At a glance

Class
Melanocortin receptor agonist (alpha-MSH analog)
Developer
Palatin Technologies
FDA status
FDA-approved prescription drug (brand: Vyleesi). This page covers the research compound only.
Human data
Two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 3 trials (design-level only)
Animal / lab data
Female rat behavior studies; female Syrian hamster brain-expression study (2025)

Where it’s been studied

1
  • 1BrainMC3R/MC4R expression in reward circuitry, Syrian hamster (2025)

Mechanism studied

Bremelanotide is a peptide analog of alpha-MSH that activates melanocortin receptors [3]. A 2025 hamster study found MC3R and MC4R mRNA mostly in midbrain dopamine neurons, yet bremelanotide did not alter that reward circuit, so its central site of action remains under study [4].

What the research shows

StudyModelReported resultSource
RECONNECT integrated subgroup analyses [2]Human
Prespecified and integrated analyses of both Phase 3 trials, 1,202 participants		Coprimary endpoints examined across prespecified participant subgroups. Published.Peer-reviewed
Journal of Women's Health 2022
Bremelanotide and the mesolimbic circuit [4]Other animal
Female Syrian hamsters, brain mRNA mapping and conditioned place preference		MC3R/MC4R mRNA was mostly in VTA dopamine neurons; bremelanotide did not change receptor expression.Peer-reviewed
Neuropharmacology 2025

Human trials are listed for research context only; outcomes are reported in the linked publications. Animal and lab results do not establish effects in humans.

Supply

PureLab does not supply this compound. This page summarizes published research only.

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Sources

  1. Kingsberg SA et al. (2019). doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000003500 Source
  2. Simon JA et al. (2022). doi:10.1089/jwh.2021.0225 Source
  3. Pfaus JG et al. (2004). doi:10.1073/pnas.0400491101 Source
  4. Borland JM et al. (2025). doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2025.110299 Source
For research use only. Not for human or veterinary use. Not a drug, food or cosmetic, and not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. This library summarizes published research for educational purposes. PureLab Performance Inc.